Triathlon and Training Process

Listen to counsel and accept discipline, in order to become wise in your future. Proverbs 19:20 

In much wisdom is much grief: and he that increased knowledge increased sorrow.  Ecclesiastes, 1:18, King James Version

It is difficult to follow Salomon but we agree with the two quotes above.  We try to teach kids to become wise in the future but we struggle with how being listened by them, and the acceptance on their part of what is required to grow as a wise person.  We have failed after they become adults most of the time.  The hypothesis is that the “adverse score” (low SES) hits when they become adults and competition becomes extreme.  They do not leave with sorrow because they do not acquired knowledge.  Most of the time, they were able to understand the situations, but the knowledge did not belong to them.  We have failed introjecting knowledge, because as Albert Einstein said: “knowledge is experience, the rest is information.” To learn from experience “certain knowledge” needs to be present.

“Certain knowledge” is in the environment the athlete lives in, such a knowledge will depend on the Socio-Economics-Status (SES).

http://www.kjcls.org/journal/view.html?doi=10.15324/kjcls.2017.49.3.227

“SES has a significant effect on sports performance: High SES displayed higher performance in all three speeds than low SES group.” 

This study done in Morocco took into consideration “personality traits” in addition to SES; such personality traits belong more to a high SES than to a low SES; but it shows that certain personality traits are related to better performance in sports.  High performance is related to high SES scholarly also:

An analysis was conducted on the Academic Performance Index (API) for charter and noncharter schools in California. API scores for the years 1999, 2000, and 2001 were analyzed along with various charter school characteristics. Since socioeconomic status (SES) has a strong correlation with student performance on standardized tests, comparisons were made focusing on schools serving free or reduced lunch eligible students (low-SES students). Raw comparisons of test scores (unadjusted for SES) tend to be misleading since charter schools often choose to work with the most challenging populations, and have done so with lower funding levels per student, as California has not provided facilities funds to charter schools.

https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED469276.pdf

We work with low SES children; the process we follow last at least ten years to equalize the effect of low SES.  It is not a matter of injecting money into it, but improving education.  We work daily on how to produce experiences that could have an impact in the learning process so “the experience can become knowledge.”  We emphasized that our political class amassed millions, but they still belong to a very low SES because of their low education; even though they went to college (most of them went to College).  Our children belong to the lowest SES in Mexico, but we have the top triathletes for children and adolescents in Mexico. We have the only world champion in triathlon from Mexico.  As David Salo wrote when publishing his book about swimming and receiving criticism: "lack of having produced a recognizible 'elite' athlete." We do have the “elite sample": 

To be sure, these concepts have been challenged, not for the lack of experimental and theoretical evidence, but more for the lack of having produced a recognizable “elite” athlete. In order to provide some practical support for the training model, I extensively describe the details of the training program that I utilize.”

http://www.nadafacil.co/documentos/SprintSalo.pd

I leave you these two videos, part of our teaching experience:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kqtqWPi8DN4

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6vuetQSwFW8

Triathlon and TUEs

Our previous post deals specifically with asthma.  Please read previous post.  Let’s see what hypothyroidism treatment can do for us.  Remember, Galen Rupp has been treated for asthma and hypothyroidism:

Last week, the Wall Street Journal profiled Jeffrey Brown, an endocrinologist to star athletes and a medical consultant for Nike. His roster of patients includes nine-time Olympic gold medalist Carl Lewis, and athletes treated by Brown have won 15 Olympic gold medals combined, according to the doctor.

https://www.ibtimes.com/hypothyroidism-star-athletes-undiagnosed-epidemic-hormonal-gray-area-or-cloaked-doping-1196751

We can believe that confined variables exist to the fact that gold medalists taking thyroid hormone won gold; they are more focus, they take care of details, etc.  but we still have other problems.

Thyroid hormone is known to affect sex hormone-binding hormonal globulin (SHBG) concentrations. Men with hyperthyroidism have elevated concentrations of testosterone and SHBG. Thyroid hormone therapy in normal men may also duplicate this elevation. 

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/15142373

This knowledge about thyroid hormone elevating the concentration of testosterone is well known by endocrinologists, even Floyd Landis knew about it:

In 2006, bicycle racer Floyd Landis blamed his hypothyroid medication for the illegally high testosterone levels detected in urine samples taken during his Tour de France ride, according to the New York Times. An overactive thyroid gland does seem to coincide with higher levels of testosterone, so it seems feasible that an increase in thyroid hormones from medication could cause a similar reaction. Race officials, however, were not swayed, and Landis was stripped of the yellow jersey that summer.

We have a history of using performance enhancing methods for years, at one point valid methods; Lasse Viren injecting his own blood for example. Emma Snowsill running with a Ventolin puffer.  If we want a clean sport, TUEs should be transparent.  Who has one and how he/she is monitored by WADA should be available to the public. 

https://www.flotrack.org/video/5106138-lasse-artturi-virn

Below, a few things related to Salbutamol.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2658979/
Our results add to the growing body of evidence that salbutamol mediates anabolic effects, and we report a mechanism by which salbutamol might promote such effects. Salbutamol has a short plasma half‐life (3–6 h).4 Following a recommended dose of inhaled salbutamol, the compound is only transiently detectable in the plasma,4 and salbutamol reaches levels up to 2.5 ng/ml or 1.04×10−8 M.27 These levels are considerably lower than effective concentrations in our in vitro experiments, which were above 10−6 M with an (IC50 value of 8.93×10−6 M). Whereas anabolic properties have been demonstrated in several species after systemic use of some beta‐2 agonists,11,20,21 salbutamol possess anabolic activity only after intravenous administration,22 and no potent anabolic effects have been reported after oral administration in animals.11,21 In addition, in humans, oral administration of therapeutic levels of salbutamol increases maximal anaerobic power,24,25,26 irrespective of the subjects' training status, without changing the body composition.25,26 Similar improvements in performance have been shown in two other studies, using a comparable daily salbutamol dose.9,23 Of note, there is no evidence that inhaled beta‐2 agonists have ergogenic effects at therapeutic doses.28 Although it is too early to draw final conclusions, based on these studies we hypothesise that the agonistic activity we observed at the androgen receptor might play also a role after intravenous administration of salbutamol.

Triathlon and Asthma

This post is a follow up of the two previous posts.  The job done by WADA is sloppy regarding doping; many fault positives and nonsense regarding persecutions.  Is it possible to go after the real problem, TUEs?

During the 2008 Beijing Olympics, 17 percent of cyclists and 19 percent of swimmers were diagnosed with asthma. These asthmatic athletes went on to win 29 and 33 percent of the medals in those sports, respectively. At the 2012 Olympic Games in London, 700 of approximately 10,000 competing athletes had confirmed asthma diagnoses and, surprisingly, they were almost twice as likely to win a medal as their non-asthmatic peers. If trends from past Olympic Games continue, there may be similar statistics in Rio.

https://fbresearch.org/rio-olympics-special-guest-asthma/

Some webpages considered asthma a bless: “It may seem like elite athletes don’t ever have asthma. After all, athletes need a robust supply of oxygen during their competitions. And symptoms like wheezing and coughing might seem to hinder someone from training and performing at their peak.”

Chris Froome had twice the salbutamol level in urine authorized by the WADA.  The urine sample was taken after one of the last stages of La Vuelta a España, 2017.  He mentioned the report done to a Swiss athlete where the value was extremely high after taking three puffs of salbutamol.

The first reported instance in an athlete and the most publicized involved a young Swiss male who appeared to have consistently unique pharmacokinetics for salbutamol. 14 This was discussed in detail in a recent paper. 15 Briefly, his post-race urinary salbutamol concen- tration was ~8000 ng/mL and subsequently, when he received the same inhaled dose, 900 μg in five hours on two occasions, the concen- trations were 3000-4000 ng/mL. ...

To treat asthma does not need more than 400 μg in a three-hour period, something that could be done in the ER; otherwise the salbutamol level will be high as above and more importantly, the athlete needs a more aggressive treatment and he or she is not able to compete.

The permissible level of inhaled Salbutamol is 1600 μg (16 puffs of the reliever inhaler) over 24 hours and no more than 800 μg every 12 hours [1]. If the presence of Salbutamol in urine exceeds 1000 ng/mL, it is presumed not to be an intended therapeutic use and considered as an adverse analytical finding by WADA.

https://blogs.bmj.com/bjsm/2018/01/09/froome-case-despite-adherence-wada-regulations-physiologically-possible-urine-sample-can-contain-permissible-level-salbutamol/

The above brings us to the problem that asthmatic patients are winning one third of the podium in the Olympics.  If it looks like a duck, swims like a duck, and quacks like a duck, then it probably is a duck.

Triathlon and Off-Score II

We have a previous post regarding this subject, but looking at comments in www.slowtwitch.com  related to anemia and how low hemoglobin is in some triathletes prompt us to write again about this subject.  The slowtwitch forum mentions a nonprofessional athlete who suffered an incident that made him bleed 8/29/18:

taking iron supps for 6 weeks now as I thought my H&H values, and iron were low when tested 6 weeks back. I have sent latest info to doc(online blood test order yesterday) asking for how to proceed/what to check. Doc wasn't really concerned 6 weeks ago, but I was as I didn't enjoy be tired/weak/fatigued/short of breath all the time. This is now 1 year(8/29/18) post heart slicing and dicing. Any thoughts from ST docs and "docs"?

Off-Score is calculated taking into consideration the average hemoglobin in a cycling population:

The UCI pilot project Following a meeting which took place in Paris in October 2007, between WADA, the French sporting authorities and the cycling family, UCI launched in 2008 a pilot project for the implementation of the hematological module of the Athlete’s Passport (Zorzoli & Rossi, 2010).

Since then, more than 800 athletes per year were enrolled in the program. UCI signed contracts with several sample collection providers in order to face the high demand of in- and out-of-competition tests. At the beginning samples were only analyzed in the group of laboratories that have been involved with the nostart tests for many years, because they were already participating to the same external quality control program that WADA has chosen (Swiss Center for Quality Control) and were all using the same technology. Progressively, as other WADA accredited laboratories were fulfilling the requirements to conduct hematological passport tests, UCI only relied on these laboratories for three major reasons: - The samples could be directly analyzed for the detection of forbidden substances or methods; - Decreased costs with sample transport when collection included both urine and blood; - Ease of the laboratory with technical and legal aspects related to anti-doping procedures (documentation package; chain of custody; testifying in court).

The experts were chosen by the UCI and WADA. All qualified in the field of hematology (either clinical or laboratory), sports medicine, exercise physiology or blood doping. Each week, 10 to 15 updated profiles were sent by the APMU to the experts for review. In these profiles the Bayesian adaptive model has identified the Hb or Off-hr score abnormal with a 99% probability (either for the single measurement as a function of previous results or for the complete sequence) or with normal or lower levels of probability.

The main problem in any research looking for answers related to a particular population is the sample.  In this case the professional cyclists.

Extrapolating the data to triathletes is not a big problem, hours of training are long, endurance sports for sure.  But let’s take a look at what Vincent Luis has for breakfast.

http://www.planetatriatlon.com/vincent-luis-desayuno/

This kind of breakfast make you anemic in a few weeks.  No wonder why Vincent and his teammates had a bad performance in Lausanne; perhaps with the exception of Mario Mola (small frame).  The average hemoglobin is very low because of the nutrition or bad illness.  Well-nourished individuals will have suspicions Off-Scores if we compare them to athletes eating the way Vincent Luis does.  We have information from a newspaper on Javier Gómez’s hematocrit values:

37% hematocrit the lowest, 42% average.  This talks about deficiencies in nutrients. 

https://www.lavozdegalicia.es/noticia/deportes/2011/04/12/gomez-noya-hematocrito/0003_201104G12P49991.htm

The average hemoglobin and hematocrit from African nations are lower compared to the Europeans.  This is not related to ethnic differences because athletes like Bekele have values similar to the Europeans in the 90^th percentile.

In summary, malnourishment exist in triathlon.  300 protein's calories per day could make the difference between being anemic or having a homoglobin above 14 for females.  

The Off-Score is based on malnourished athletes which represent the control group.  Is there a booth that takes complaints based on evidence?

Triathlon and Off-score

Reticulocytes measurements are not accurate most of the time, perhaps the interpretation is easier.  Reticulocytes are one of the two elements in the quick formula to flag a doping violation:

OFF-Score = (Hemoglobina (g/dL) x 10) – (60 X √% reticulocitos)

The aim was to prevent athletes from competing when their (HCT) or hemoglobin (HGB) values were higher than the established limit, which was the same limit for all athletes (population limit). For some sporting bodies it was considered as a medical rule, while for others it was a competition rule. The UCI introduced it in March 1997, and athletes were subjected to tests at or during competitions but not out-of-competition. Tests were conducted on the field, and the samples were analyzed on site. During unannounced bloods tests, several haematological parameters were measured, which included HCT, HGB, % reticulocytes (RET%) and the calculation of the stimulation index or OFF-hr score (Hb [g/L] – 60*√Ret[%]) (OFF-score).

https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/e21e/c772138a49ebdb7a145f48fbca9b9a88c92c.pdf

It is not easy to obtain the software which takes into account the majority of the parameters because it is limited to the certified labs.  As ordinary mortals, our only option is to have an Off-score which has the disadvantage of measuring the reticulocytes:  Let’s see what Medscape says about it:

The automated hematology analyzer can also report a measurement of reticulocyte-specific hemoglobin content as mean reticulocyte hemoglobin content (CHr) or reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent (Ret-He), depending on the type of instrument used. CHr and Ret-He, two comparable but not identical parameters, give a snapshot of the functional iron available for incorporation into hemoglobin within RBCs over the previous 3-4 days. ^[9] A decreased value generally reflects reduced cellular hemoglobin content and is reliable in identifying functional iron deficiency…

Note that the reference ranges for automated reticulocyte count (absolute reticulocyte count), immature reticulocyte fraction (IRF), and reticulocyte specific hemoglobin content (mean reticulocyte hemoglobin content [CHr] and reticulocyte hemoglobin equivalent [Ret-He]) vary owing to the different methods and different instruments used. Each laboratory should determine reference values according to their own methods and instruments. A comparison of different reference ranges as reported by different authors can be found in a review published article by Piva et al. ^[3]

As far as we know, Paula Radcliffe was scrutinized based on her Off-score:

https://www.facebook.com/213103522034028/posts/on-off-scores-and-doping-since-youve-probably-seen-that-paula-radcliffe-has-rele/1061634447180927/

On off-scores and doping, since you've probably seen that Paula Radcliffe has released the three off-scores in question to the media. Here's a quick summary of what it means (and doesn't):

Off-score is calculated using Hemoglobin & reticulocytes (immature red cells). Specifically, the equation is:

Off-score = Hb (g/L) - (60 x sqrt(Retic %))

If Hb is high & Ret% is low, then off-score is high, and vice-versa.

At some point, the off-score gets so high, it is strongly indicative of doping (the 1 in 100, 1 in 1000 thing). For example, Shobhukova had an off-score of 153 (yikes). The off-score can also be so low that it suggests doping, and these "cut-offs" or limits are known.

Radcliffe's values (115, 110 & 109) lie either just below (2) or just above (1) the off-score upper limit WHEN TAKING ALTITUDE INTO ACCOUNT.

That is, there is a different 'cut-off' to deal with altitude cases, because altitude is known to affect the blood. So a normal cut-off of 103 is increased to accommodate this recognized possibility/explanation.

Anyway, the point is that Radcliffe is NOT a Shobhukova type example, though her numbers are still high.

Where it gets tricky, however, is that off-score values are ONLY PART of the picture, which is why releasing 3 off-scores is not conclusive of anything, even if they are close to those cut-off limits.

That's because the whole premise of the passport is to measure CHANGE over time, and so a value can be "normal" and thus not flagged by itself, but when that value is looked at relative to others, it may be marked anyway.

Because of this, a 'spot' off-score of 100 might be more suspicious than a value of 110, if the preceding values were 70 vs 105, respectively. The biological passport software does have an adaptive component that works out a sequence score, but we're dealing here with "spot" off-scores.

The formula gives a lot of value to reticulocytes and a variation of .5% is a huge difference.  Measuring reticulocytes is not accurate, even the definition of reticulocyte is not accurate, and variations are bigger than 0.5% from lab to lab. We should spend our time and money educating athletes, instead of paying for research that is not accurate.

Triathlon and Creating Talent

Let’s start with these two quotes of André Gide:

“Everything has been said before, but since nobody listens we have to keep going back and beginning all over again.” Andre Gide. https://www.brainyquote.com/authors/andre_gide

“Fiction is history that might have happened. History is fiction that did happen.”  André Gide.  The Counterfeiters.

These two quotes of André Gide are the backbones of the project.  Working around champions gives an idea of the requirements to create a champion.   We have to assume that nobody listens and begin all over again, this statement is not related to somebody in particular but to athletes.  At the same time, we have to create a History that could help us to grow.  It was pointed out in our previous post.

12 juil. 2019

Triathlon and the Alternative Facts

People are willing to believe in alternative facts because reality is overwhelming.  We become delirious believing in alternatives facts or psychotics when we see reality the way it is; training to face reality and alternative facts is needed if we want to achieve something with athletes.

As André Gide said: “Everything has been said before, but since nobody listens we have to keep going back and beginning all over again.”  This is a touchy subject, repeating and insisting, starting all over again.  We have to do it with every athlete if we expect results.  Mike Tyson said it when he talks about Cus D’Amato.  Here, we repeated the same thing again.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4yAxvx_bvrw

Triathlon and the Alternative Facts

We started talking about Postmodernism and alternative facts more than 30 years ago.  The end of the Grand Narratives began and the appearance of the Alternative Facts started.  Donald Trump and Andrés Manuel López Obrador come to my mind in today’s world.  At one-point, psychoanalysis was criticized by Jacques Derrida because of the alternative facts.  Triathlon represented by athletes, coaches and Federations are full of alternative facts to keep their businesses going.  People are willing to believe in alternative facts because reality is overwhelming.  We become delirious believing in alternatives facts or psychotics when we see reality the way it is; training to face reality and alternative facts is needed if we want to achieve something with athletes.

In the last World Series and Mixed Relay, Hamburg, four times the Mexican team was lapped, just one ended in 40^th place; four out of the five competitions.  How can we face this overwhelming reality!  Alternative facts! We have problems dealing with reality and alternative facts:

It’s because so much of what we know depends on the truthfulness of others that the philosopher Immanuel Kant believed lying was always wrong. His reasoning was that when we lie to another person, we fail to respect her infinitely valuable capacity to encounter the world and think about the moral choices she’ll make in it. By refusing to tell her the truth, we treat her not as a person, but as an instrument — a tool to get something we want. We treat her like a thing…When we routinely assume that our fellow citizens and government officials are lying, it becomes impossible to work together to determine how our neighborhoods, our cities, or our country should function. When we abandon the effort to figure out what is true, we cede the field to anti-democratic leaders who derive their “just powers” not “from the consent of the governed” but from the acquiescence of the willingly deceived.

https://truthout.org/articles/life-in-the-united-states-of-trump-confronting-alternative-facts/

There is no point in showing the comments related to this Mexican performance: hundreds of alternative facts with one of two comments looking at the reality.  Reality is difficult to see except for people like Mike Tyson.

Mike Tyson speaks clearly about Constantine D’Amato.  He believed that Cus was crazy because he thought Mike was invincible in a fair fight.  Mike believes Cus uses alternative facts when he says such a thing, but the reality is that Cus had 50 years’ experience in boxing and knew how to produce someone like it.  Boxing children lived in his house.

“You do what I tell you to do and if it doesn’t work, then you can leave.” 

“I’m not a creator. What I do is discover and uncover. See my job is to take the spark and fan it. When it starts to become a little flame I feed it, and I feed the fire until it becomes a roaring blaze, and then when it turns to a roaring blaze I pour used logs on it. Then you really got a fire going.”

“I don’t allow people to intimidate me, for no other reason than to set an example for my boxers.”

“Remember, it’s always good to throw the punch where you can hit him and he can’t hit you. That’s what the science of boxing is all about.”

“I feel that all boys growing up in the environment that he did would require help, patience and perhaps understanding cos’ I try to make them feel, and I hope I did, that I understand this kind of life. I grew up in a tough neighbourhood mysef.”

At the end, Mike ended up with his beliefs without the overwhelming anger he developed growing up. 

Cus D’Amato is not here anymore, but we know that there are people like him, we continue preparing ourselves to look at reality without fear and with the will to face it.  Alternative Facts are not an option for us.

Triathlon and Creating the Learning Environment

What to teach is something we take seriously, but how to create the environment to help athletes to learn is more important.  It is what every country wants or what they say they want; to improve education and wellbeing for the citizens.  The infrastructure, meaning the environment needed, should to be accepted by members: triathletes, coaches, federations and nations.  Selling the idea is not an easy task; and selling the idea when other personal needs are stronger is even more difficult.  In the case of Mexico, we try to convince people that there is a problem in education, but our President says that he has a different data, contrary to the OCDE. Let’s be serious and take the case of France:

Reconciling educational excellence and success for all is not just the best way to tackle social inequalities at the root, but also to obtain good results.

Results from around the globe illustrate various best practices applied to improve the equity and performance of the education system. Portugal’s TEIP programme for example (Priority Intervention Education Territories) targets investment in geographical regions where the population is socially disadvantaged and where school drop-out rates are higher than the national average. Singapore, first in the PISA science rankings, has a comprehensive teacher evaluation system that includes in particular the contribution to students’ personal and academic development, as well as the quality of parent-teacher relations.

In short, the capacity of a system to help students in difficulty and those from disadvantaged backgrounds to improve raises the general quality of the system and thus its overall performance.

In France however, investments in education do not always reach these groups. I had some personal experience of this malfunctioning when I arrived in France and asked people to recommend primary schools for my own children. The answer was: “Don’t pick a school, pick a neighbourhood”.

How can we ensure that success at school isn’t the result of a postcode lottery? France has already implemented reforms going in the right direction.

http://oecdinsights.org/2016/12/06/lessons-for-france-from-pisa-2015/

Creating the environment in countries like Mexico is possible, but it is micro environment within the country.  Educating the huge bureaucratic apparatus is impossible, and even more when the head of the system, CONADE, barely finished High School (certificate equivalent to a GED).  We gave up trying educating the bureaucracy and limited ourselves to educate six to eight parents.  Our micro-system produced a world champion but so far we cannot influence a bigger population.  Perhaps this is our fate, but we continue trying to teach with the example.

Triathlon and Adversity Score

We have touched this subject several times.  Nations want athletes to perform well and they put money into it.  Now a day’s performance in a test as well as in a race have to do with environmental factors which produce or not a competitive culture.  This is something well study to the point of creating an “adversity score” when taking a test as the SAT.  From the point of view of Human Rights, it is a big step, but let see how the involved parties play out; sometimes the pendulum swings to the other side and catastrophe appears also.  This is something we live in Mexico with the new government and happened after the Mexican Revolution. The rate exchange for the Mexican peso was one peso for two dollars before the Mexican Revolution (1910). The production decreased to almost nothing except for oil and raw materials after the Mexican Revolution; we still depend on these two. The worst part is that Mexicans live in the same conditions more than a 100 years later.  I grew up in one of the poorest states in Mexico and did my medical residency in New York, when these factors were not taken into account!  It took more than 30 years to challenge the “white privilege.”  The point is not to lower standards but to know that other factors are playing a role and we should improve conditions to make the floor even, or at least to know that somebody is competing with a handicap and have a competitive level.  We have paratriathlon for the physical conditions, but the social ones are handicaps of the same degree. I started with an average percentile my medical residency and finished residency at the 87^th percentile (standardized test).

The Environmental Context Dashboard includes information about students' high schools, including the rate of teens who receive free or reduced lunch, and their home life and neighborhoods, such as average family income, educational attainment, housing stability and crime.

The dashboard "shines a light on students who have demonstrated remarkable resourcefulness to overcome challenges and achieve more with less," said David Coleman, chief executive of the College Board, which administers the SAT. "It enables colleges to witness the strength of students in a huge swath of America who would otherwise be overlooked."

The scores won't be revealed to SAT test-takers, but schools will see the numbers when reviewing college applications.

Fifty colleges and universities, including Yale, Florida State University and Trinity University, took part in a pilot program last year to test what some observers are calling an "adversity score."

https://www.npr.org/2019/05/16/724048022/sat-to-score-students-disadvantages-to-try-to-even-the-playing-field

We were asked in an interview why the central Americans and south Americans have not successful triathletes and apparently everything is in place for athletes; meaning Federations, tournaments, high performance centers, etc.  Obviously, the interviewers did not have knowledge that performance depends on the family and environment as it is vision in the “adversity score.”  Garry Kasparov, the one that lasted 20 years as a Chess World Champion, says that intuition is the big player in performance, and intuition is learned by experience in the environment.  Perhaps, fear of snakes is innate, but the rest we have to learn experiencing.

We have the subject of "adversity score" as a lecture in our team:

https://digitalcommons.brockport.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=https://www.google.com/&httpsredir=1&article=1040&context=edc_theses

To even the floor, we started forming a subculture 20 years ago to overcome the problems mentioned above.  We want to develop and teach a better intuition to be competitive at the highest standards.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9ZNGsTzk7Q4